Hmdb loader
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-08-13 00:44:39 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:19 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0003573
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0014885
  • HMDB03573
  • HMDB14885
Metabolite Identification
Common NameScopolamine
DescriptionScopolamine, also known as hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid drug obtained from plants of the family Solanaceae (nightshades), such as henbane or jimson weed (Datura species). It is part of the secondary metabolites of plants. Scopolamine is used criminally as a date rape drug and as an aid to robbery, the most common act being the clandestine drugging of a victim's drink. It is preferred because it induces retrograde amnesia, or an inability to recall events prior to its administration. Victims of this crime are often admitted to a hospital in police custody, under the assumption that the patient is experiencing a psychotic episode. A telltale sign is a fever accompanied by a lack of sweat. An alkaloid from Solanaceae, especially Datura metel L. and Scopola carniolica. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like atropine, but may have more central nervous system effects. Among the many uses are as an anesthetic premedication, in urinary incontinence, in motion sickness, as an antispasmodic, and as a mydriatic and cycloplegic.
Structure
Data?1582752282
Synonyms
ValueSource
(-)-HyoscineChEBI
(-)-ScopolamineChEBI
(1S,3S,5R,6R,7S)-6,7-Epoxytropan-3-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoateChEBI
6,7-Epoxytropine tropateChEBI
6-beta,7-beta-Epoxy-3-alpha-tropanyl S-(-)-tropateChEBI
alpha-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo(3.3.1.0(2.4))non-7-yl esterChEBI
HyoscineChEBI
Scopine (-)-tropateChEBI
Transderm-scopChEBI
(1S,3S,5R,6R,7S)-6,7-Epoxytropan-3-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acidGenerator
6,7-Epoxytropine tropic acidGenerator
6-b,7-b-Epoxy-3-a-tropanyl S-(-)-tropateGenerator
6-b,7-b-Epoxy-3-a-tropanyl S-(-)-tropic acidGenerator
6-beta,7-beta-Epoxy-3-alpha-tropanyl S-(-)-tropic acidGenerator
6-Β,7-β-epoxy-3-α-tropanyl S-(-)-tropateGenerator
6-Β,7-β-epoxy-3-α-tropanyl S-(-)-tropic acidGenerator
a-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetate 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo(3.3.1.0(2.4))non-7-yl esterGenerator
a-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo(3.3.1.0(2.4))non-7-yl esterGenerator
alpha-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetate 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo(3.3.1.0(2.4))non-7-yl esterGenerator
Α-(hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetate 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo(3.3.1.0(2.4))non-7-yl esterGenerator
Α-(hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo(3.3.1.0(2.4))non-7-yl esterGenerator
Scopine (-)-tropic acidGenerator
(+)-HyoscineHMDB
(+)-ScopolamineHMDB
(-)-Hyoscine hydrobromideHMDB
(-)-Scopolamine bromideHMDB
(-)-Scopolamine hydrobromideHMDB
AtrochinHMDB
AtroquinHMDB
BeldavrinHMDB
BuscopanHMDB
Epoxytropine tropateHMDB
EuscopolHMDB
Hydroscine hydrobromideHMDB
HyosceineHMDB
Hyoscine bromideHMDB
Hyoscine hydrobromideHMDB
Hyoscyine hydrobromideHMDB
HyosolHMDB
HyscoHMDB
Isopto hyoscineHMDB
IsoscopilHMDB
KwellsHMDB
L-Hyoscine hydrobromideHMDB
L-Scopolamine-hydrobromideHMDB
Methscopolamine bromideHMDB
OscineHMDB
PamineHMDB
S-(-)-TropateHMDB
ScopHMDB
ScopaminHMDB
Scopine tropateHMDB
Scopolamine bromideHMDB
Scopolamine hydrobromideHMDB
Scopolaminium bromideHMDB
Scopolammonium bromideHMDB
SEEHMDB
TranaxineHMDB
NorhyoscineHMDB
6beta,7beta-Epoxy-3alpha-tropanyl S-(-)-tropatePhytoBank
6β,7β-Epoxy-3α-tropanyl S-(-)-tropatePhytoBank
9-Methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-ol (-)-tropatePhytoBank
l-ScopolaminePhytoBank
(-)-AtropinePhytoBank
(-)-HyoscyaminePhytoBank
(S)-(-)-HyoscyaminePhytoBank
(S)-AtropinePhytoBank
1alphaH,5alphaH-Tropan-3alpha-yl (-)-tropatePhytoBank
1αH,5αH-Tropan-3α-yl (-)-tropatePhytoBank
CystospazPhytoBank
DaturinePhytoBank
DuboisinePhytoBank
HyoscyaminePhytoBank
L-HyoscyaminPhytoBank
l-HyoscyaminePhytoBank
l-AtropinePhytoBank
l-Tropine tropatePhytoBank
(±)-AtropinePhytoBank
(±)-HyoscyaminePhytoBank
AtropinPhytoBank
AtropinePhytoBank
Atropinum sulfuricumPhytoBank
Atropinum sulphuricumPhytoBank
dl-HyoscyaminePhytoBank
Tropine (±)-tropatePhytoBank
Tropine tropatePhytoBank
dl-Tropyl tropatePhytoBank
Chemical FormulaC17H21NO4
Average Molecular Weight303.3529
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight303.147058165
IUPAC Name(1R,2R,4S,5S,7S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.0^{2,4}]nonan-7-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
Traditional Name(1R,2R,4S,5S,7S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.0^{2,4}]nonan-7-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
CAS Registry Number51-34-3
SMILES
CN1[C@H]2C[C@@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C17H21NO4/c1-18-13-7-11(8-14(18)16-15(13)22-16)21-17(20)12(9-19)10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-6,11-16,19H,7-9H2,1H3/t11-,12-,13-,14+,15-,16+/m1/s1
InChI KeySTECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta hydroxy acids and derivatives. Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassHydroxy acids and derivatives
Sub ClassBeta hydroxy acids and derivatives
Direct ParentBeta hydroxy acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Beta-hydroxy acid
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Morpholine
  • Oxazinane
  • Piperidine
  • N-alkylpyrrolidine
  • Benzenoid
  • Pyrrolidine
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Tertiary amine
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Oxirane
  • Ether
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point59 °CNot Available
Boiling Point188.10 °C. @ 760.00 mm HgThe Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility100 mg/mLNot Available
LogP0.98SANGSTER (1994)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM171.130932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility6.61 g/LALOGPS
logP1.4ALOGPS
logP0.89ChemAxon
logS-1.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)15.15ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)6.95ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area62.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity79.72 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability31.24 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+171.29431661259
DarkChem[M-H]-170.12931661259
DeepCCS[M-2H]-200.25330932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+175.41830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+174.532859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+171.432859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+177.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+178.332859911
AllCCS[M-H]-174.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-174.032859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-173.832859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
ScopolamineCN1[C@H]2C[C@@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C1=CC=CC=C13324.0Standard polar33892256
ScopolamineCN1[C@H]2C[C@@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C1=CC=CC=C12260.4Standard non polar33892256
ScopolamineCN1[C@H]2C[C@@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C1=CC=CC=C12279.4Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Scopolamine,1TMS,isomer #1CN1[C@H]2C[C@H](OC(=O)[C@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3)C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]212371.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Scopolamine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CN1[C@H]2C[C@H](OC(=O)[C@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3)C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]212612.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Scopolamine GC-MS (1 TMS)splash10-0f7c-7900000000-28f924e821203772c1ad2018-05-25HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Scopolamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00di-4910000000-24c90e50ab88ad57e82c2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Scopolamine GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-4900000000-596180a39c76ec0fe1ae2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Scopolamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Scopolamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0009000000-9733effdc3262b114ed62017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0809000000-a686e4c768aedb57cf8e2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-1901000000-f66f538c7db471e86fd52017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-3900000000-5eedeba4bedea55de9ad2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-0udr-7900000000-1309364bbca3810a6afa2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine LC-ESI-IT , positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-0900000000-1c1d2f52fb7a5d745e1e2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 90V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-9700000000-80887cb9e3f0d05c8bf52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 90V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-9800000000-80887cb9e3f0d05c8bf52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 75V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-6900000000-010e6e0ca9f0d9f3618b2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 60V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f79-4900000000-a0695c5add6db92de8b22021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 45V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-2900000000-887570e409db5eca481c2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 60V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f79-4900000000-5e1feadfe643a530d9562021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 45V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-2900000000-9556767e32b410cf8d732021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 15V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0309000000-fda2d2422fa0a3b4172e2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0k9i-0903000000-cc938997b1c67e020c142021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0549000000-2102ba2525a572e05e742016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0uk9-1952000000-23caf7102d633b0031b22016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0hr0-4900000000-854ad2f78678cc2d4db32016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0f6t-0904000000-0366209ad3f767f887362021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0f79-1900000000-bd791764fd2502fdc39d2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0gb9-2910000000-c7c4ffc22c1425ab3dbd2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f79-0955000000-64498c50c4e2afb15c322016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-1930000000-5d768d7bc9f10614fd972016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0lxt-4900000000-f39cfd7374383b7b1aaf2016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0019000000-cc4ab81a673ee149c93e2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental)2018-05-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Brain
  • Epidermis
  • Neuron
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.021 (0.00021-0.043) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00747
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB023199
KNApSAcK IDC00002292
Chemspider ID10194106
KEGG Compound IDC01851
BioCyc IDSCOPOLAMINE
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkScopolamine
METLIN ID3433
PubChem CompoundNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16794
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1510091
References
Synthesis ReferenceChemnitius, F. Method for the technical preparation of scopolamine. Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (Leipzig) (1928), 120 221-4.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Lee HW, Park WS, Kim YW, Cho SH, Kim SS, Seo JH, Lee KT: A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/positive ion tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of cimetropium in human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction. J Mass Spectrom. 2006 Jul;41(7):855-60. [PubMed:16810649 ]
  2. Blin J, Piercey MF, Giuffra ME, Mouradian MM, Chase TN: Metabolic effects of scopolamine and physostigmine in human brain measured by positron emission tomography. J Neurol Sci. 1994 May;123(1-2):44-51. [PubMed:8064320 ]
  3. Frey KA, Koeppe RA, Mulholland GK, Jewett D, Hichwa R, Ehrenkaufer RL, Carey JE, Wieland DM, Kuhl DE, Agranoff BW: In vivo muscarinic cholinergic receptor imaging in human brain with [11C]scopolamine and positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1992 Jan;12(1):147-54. [PubMed:1727135 ]
  4. Kranke P, Morin AM, Roewer N, Wulf H, Eberhart LH: The efficacy and safety of transdermal scopolamine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2002 Jul;95(1):133-43, table of contents. [PubMed:12088957 ]
  5. Hagemann K, Piek K, Stockigt J, Weiler EW: Monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of the tropane alkaloid, scopolamine. Planta Med. 1992 Feb;58(1):68-72. [PubMed:1620747 ]
  6. Boumba VA, Mitselou A, Vougiouklakis T: Fatal poisoning from ingestion of Datura stramonium seeds. Vet Hum Toxicol. 2004 Apr;46(2):81-2. [PubMed:15080209 ]
  7. Rosier A, Cornette L, Orban GA: Scopolamine-induced impairment of delayed recognition of abstract visual shapes. Neuropsychobiology. 1998;37(2):98-103. [PubMed:9566275 ]
  8. Smith AM, Cadoret G, St-Amour D: Scopolamine increases prehensile force during object manipulation by reducing palmar sweating and decreasing skin friction. Exp Brain Res. 1997 May;114(3):578-83. [PubMed:9187293 ]
  9. Ebert U, Grossmann M, Oertel R, Gramatte T, Kirch W: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the electroencephalogram effects of scopolamine in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Jan;41(1):51-60. [PubMed:11144994 ]
  10. Renner UD, Oertel R, Kirch W: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in clinical use of scopolamine. Ther Drug Monit. 2005 Oct;27(5):655-65. [PubMed:16175141 ]
  11. Gordon C, Ben-Aryeh H, Attias J, Szargel R, Gutman D: Effect of transdermal scopolamine on salivation. J Clin Pharmacol. 1985 Sep;25(6):407-12. [PubMed:4056076 ]
  12. Fan Y, Hu J, Li J, Yang Z, Xin X, Wang J, Ding J, Geng M: Effect of acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats and its related mechanisms. Neurosci Lett. 2005 Feb 21;374(3):222-6. Epub 2004 Dec 10. [PubMed:15663967 ]
  13. Stetina PM, Madai B, Kulemann V, Kirch W, Joukhadar C: Pharmacokinetics of scopolamine in serum and subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Mar;43(3):134-9. [PubMed:15792397 ]
  14. Schwarz RD, Callahan MJ, Coughenour LL, Dickerson MR, Kinsora JJ, Lipinski WJ, Raby CA, Spencer CJ, Tecle H: Milameline (CI-979/RU35926): a muscarinic receptor agonist with cognition-activating properties: biochemical and in vivo characterization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):812-22. [PubMed:10525104 ]
  15. Suojaranta-Ylinen R, Hendolin H, Tuomisto L: The effects of morphine, morphine plus scopolamine, midazolam and promethazine on cerebrospinal fluid histamine concentration and postoperative analgesic consumption. Agents Actions. 1991 May;33(1-2):212-4. [PubMed:1897441 ]
  16. Dreyfuss P, Vogel D, Walsh N: The use of transdermal scopolamine to control drooling. A case report. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1991 Aug;70(4):220-2. [PubMed:1878183 ]
  17. Putcha L, Cintron NM, Tsui J, Vanderploeg JM, Kramer WG: Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of scopolamine in normal subjects. Pharm Res. 1989 Jun;6(6):481-5. [PubMed:2762223 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover
Gene Name:
CHRM1
Uniprot ID:
P11229
Molecular weight:
51420.4